Information about the author:
Anastasya G. Gacheva
Anastasia G. Gacheva, DSc in Philology, Leading Research Fellow, A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Povarskaya 25 a, 121069 Moscow, Russia.
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-0881
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Abstract:
The article is devoted to the theme of war in the philosophical, journalistic and theological thought of those representatives of the Russian emigration who in the 1930s grouped around two leading Parisian religious and philosophical journals, “Put’” and “Novyj Grad”, and in 1935 formed the basis of the “Pravoslavnoe Delo” association. N.A. Berdyaev, S.N. Bulgakov, K.V. Mochulsky, G.P. Fedotov, F.A. Stepun, I.I. Bunakov-Fondaminsky, Mother Maria (Skobtsova) opposed the ideas of fascism and National socialism, as well as the apology of the principle of “race and blood” by putting forward the ideas of Christian personalism, catholicity, and universal humanity. The article examines the activities of Russian Orthodox thinkers during the Second World War and analyzes the themes of spiritual resistance, the apocalypse of history, the overcoming of enmity, Christian responsibility for the fate of the Jewish people, and martyrdom as a path to Golgotha, which are presented in their works. It shows that after the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the criticism of Bolshevism as an emasculated, irreligious ideology gave way to an understanding of the people’s character of the war, and the future victory of the Russian army over Nazi Germany was seen as a victory for the sake of all humanity. An analysis of the artistic work of Mother Maria (Skobtsova) during the war years is presented. The article examines the content of the first issue of the “Tretiy chas” magazine (1946), in which N.A. Berdyaev, V.S. Yanovsky, K.V. Mochulsky, E.A. Izvolskaya, and A.S. Lurie reflected on the prospects for building a postwar world and the need to introduce an Orthodox idea of universality into this construction, to understand history as an “extra-temple liturgy.”
Keywords: religious and philosophical thought of the Russian еmigration, the journal “Put’”, the journal “Novyj Grad”, the “Pravoslavnoe Delo” Association, Christian criticism of fascism and national socialism, spiritual resistance, the ideals of conciliarity and universal humanity, Non-church Liturgy, the future of the world after the war.
