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Abstract:

The article is based on extensive and in some cases not previously introduced into scientific circulation material from the literature of the Urals in the 1900–1930s. We consider the phenomenon of female literary debut in various aspects, understanding it not only as the first appearance in the press or the release of the first book which does not always become a literary fact even at the regional level, but also as a process of entering literature, a literary environment that is so dependent on the structure of society and culture at this particular moment. Analysis of the Ural literature gives the right to assert that the number and even quality of female debuts largely depend on the attitude within culture towards the women’s optics. In turn, the chronological framework of the study allows to show how the practice of such literary debuts was transformed depending on the cultural attitudes of a particular era: from the press of the 1900–1910s, filled with female names — through the crisis era of the revolution, Civil War and formation of Soviet power — to the 1930s with their institutionalization and ideologization of the space of literature but, at the same time, the chance of self-realization for a large number of women writers, who will consciously choose their profession, activity and will remain in literature for a long time.