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Abstract:

The sense of literary anthropology of childhood where the childhood is not considered to be just a period from infancy to adulthood, but it is regarded as a psychocultural phenomenon. From an anthropological point of view a child is a unique human creature with his psycho-physiological peculiarities that make him different from an adult person. Such M. Gorky’s works as Childhood and In the World are proposed to be researched from the point of myth of childhood view that was formed in a romantic period where myth that shows its worth in definite structural-semantic components under the influence of writer’s fantasy using that are formed by historical, biographical and confessional factors. The formation of the man under the influence of family and neighborhood is shown on the example of such M. Gorky’s works as Childhood, In the World. A point that dual reality images formed under the influence of cruelty in the family and in neighborhood retracted with book virtual reality and writer’s well-developed fantasy play their role in a dual consciousness the narrator-character formation. It is confirmed that parents’ cruelty to their childhood such as parents’ rejection, grandfather Kashirin’s cruelty and also the distraction of mother’s attention and care about the child influenced the writer’s consciousness  formation having provoked a rich fantasy working that was used by the writer as his escape to a virtual reality that in the end split up his personality.

Keywords: childhood, family, literary anthropology, image, duality, Gorky.